Toothpaste is composed of powdered friction agents, wetting agents, surfactants, adhesives, spices, sweeteners and other special ingredients.

1. Friction agent commonly used friction agents in toothpaste include:

①Calcium carbonate: There are two types of calcium carbonate: heavy and light. Heavy calcium carbonate is made by crushing, grinding and refining limestone and calcite in the rock. Light calcium carbonate dissolves calcium salt in hydrochloric acid and then introduces carbon dioxide to obtain calcium carbonate precipitation. Light calcium carbonate has fine particles and light specific gravity, which can be used in toothpaste.

②Calcium hydrogen phosphate (calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate CaHPO4·2H2O and calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous salt CaHPO4): Calcium hydrogen phosphate is divided into two molecules of water, dihydrate and anhydrous. The dihydrate salt and other ingredients have good mixing properties, but due to the high hardness and strong friction of the anhydrous salt, 5% to 10% anhydrous salt can be mixed in the special smoke removal toothpaste.

③Calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7): Calcium pyrophosphate is obtained by high temperature treatment of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Because it does not react with fluorine-containing compounds, it can be used as a base material for fluorine-containing toothpaste.

④Hydrated silicic acid (SiO2・nH2O): hydrated silicic acid is a very fine white particle that can be used in transparent toothpaste. In addition, because of its large specific volume, it can be used as an extender and thickener for toothpaste.

⑤Aluminum hydroxide [A1(OH)3]: The particles of aluminum hydroxide are relatively course, but it will not damage the enamel, and it can increase the brightness of toothpaste and has excellent tooth cleaning power.

2. Wetting agent the wetting agent can prevent the toothpaste from solidifying and hardening in the tube, and make the paste have luster and other effects. There are many humectants used in toothpaste such as glycerin, propylene glycol, and sorbitol.

3. Surfactant in order to clean the dirt in the oral cavity, a neutral detergent-sodium sodium lauryl sulfonate is widely used. It can foam quickly, and it can foam and clean the dirt in the mouth. The surface active agent used in toothpaste requires very high purity without any peculiar smell, and the general dosage is 2%.

4. Binder In order to make the ingredients in the toothpaste evenly dispersed, binders can be used, such as CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt) and its derivatives, carrageenan, sodium alginate and other substances.

5. Spices the spice used for toothpaste is mainly mint, which is an indispensable ingredient that gives toothpaste a cool feeling. Mint is divided into menthol (menthol), peppermint oil, peppermint and other substances, as well as spices derived from them. In addition, fruit flavors, such as citrus flavors, can also be used, but they are strictly limited as toothpaste flavors.

6. Sweetener In order to improve the taste of toothpaste, a small amount of saccharin is added to the toothpaste. Since glycerin used as a humectant also has a sweet taste, the dosage of saccharin is generally 0.01% to 0

7. Other special ingredients In order to prevent and treat oral diseases, some toothpastes are also added with some special ingredients: ①To remove bad breath, fungicides such as dioxophenylbiguanidyl hexane and benzyl alcohol are often added to the toothpaste, copper leaf green Acid also has a certain effect on preventing bad breath. ② Fluorine compounds can be added to prevent dental caries, which can inhibit the fermentation of residues in the oral cavity and strengthen the enamel on the surface of the teeth. From the perspective of safety, the fluorine content in toothpaste is specified below 1000 micrograms. In people who use fluorine-containing natural water, the incidence of dental caries is relatively low, but drinking water with high fluoride content will form a cloudy surface (spotty tooth) on the tooth surface, which will make the tooth brittle. In addition, a certain amount of preservatives are often added to toothpaste to avoid deterioration of the paste.